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Rolf's Astrophotography
  • An Astrophotography Journey!
  • Clusters
    • Globular Clusters
      • M13 – Hercules Cluster
      • M15 – Great Pegasus Cluster
      • M2
      • M3
      • M56
      • M92
      • NGC 6934
      • NGC 7006
    • Open Clusters
      • IC 348
      • M34
      • M35 and NGC 2158
      • M39
      • M45 – The Pleiades
      • M52
      • NGC 869 and NGC 884 – Perseus Double Cluster
  • Galaxies
    • Elliptical Galaxies
      • Galaxy Cluster ACO 262
      • Galaxy Cluster ACO 347
      • Galaxy Cluster ACO 426
      • Leo I (UGC 5470, PGC 29488, MCG)
      • M105, NGC 3384, and NGC 3389
      • NGC 4125 and NGC 4121
      • M87 – Virgo A
      • Markarian’s Chain with M84, M86, and M87
      • NGC 1272, NGC 1275 – The Perseus Cluster
      • NGC 3613, NGC 3619, and NGC 3625
      • NGC 3998
      • NGC 4889 and other galaxies in Coma Berenices
      • PGC 2641182
    • Irregular Galaxies
      • M82 – Cigar Galaxy
      • NGC 2366 and NGC 2363
      • NGC 4449
    • Spiral Galaxies
      • IC 2574 – Coddington’s Nebula
      • M95
      • NGC 3198
      • NGC 3614
      • NGC 3945, NGC 3975, and NGC 3978
      • NGC 4041 and NGC 4036
      • IC 342
      • M100
      • M101 – Pinwheel Galaxy
      • M102 – Spindle Galaxy
      • M106
      • M108
      • M109
      • M31 – Andromeda Galaxy
      • M33 – Triangulum Galaxy
      • M51 – Whirlpool Galaxy
      • M63 – Sunflower Galaxy
      • M64 – Black Eye Galaxy
      • M65, M66, and NGC 3628 – The Leo Triplet
      • M81 – Bode’s Galaxy
      • M94
      • M96
      • NGC 2403
      • NGC 2683 – UFO Galaxy
      • NGC 2775
      • NGC 2841
      • NGC 3184
      • NGC 3642
      • NGC 4236
      • NGC 4244 – Silver Needle Galaxy
      • NGC 4490 – Cocoon Galaxy
      • NGC 4559
      • NGC 4565 (C38) – Needle Galaxy
      • NGC 4631 (Whale Galaxy) and NGC 4656
      • NGC 5005
      • NGC 5216, NGC 5218 – Keenan’s System
      • NGC 5907 – Knife Edge Galaxy
      • NGC 6946 – Fireworks Galaxy
      • NGC 7331
      • NGC 891 – Silver Galaxy
      • NGC 925 – Amatha Galaxy
    • The Milky Way
  • Nebulas
    • Dark Nebulas
      • IC 434 – Horsehead Nebula
      • NGC 2264 – Cone Nebula and Christmas Tree Cluster
    • Emission Nebulas
      • Sh 2-261 – Lower’s Nebula
      • IC 1396 – Elephant’s Trunk Nebula
      • IC 1805 – Heart Nebula
      • IC 1848 – Soul Nebula
      • IC 2177 – Seagull Nebula
      • IC 405 – Flaming Star Nebula
      • IC 5070 – Pelican Nebula
      • IC 5146 – Cocoon Nebula
      • IC 59 and IC 63 – Gamma Cassiopeia Nebula
      • M42 – Orion Nebula
      • NGC 1491
      • NGC 1499 – California Nebula
      • NGC 1931 and IC 417
      • NGC 2174 – Monkey Head Nebula
      • NGC 2237 – Rosette Nebula
      • NGC 2359 – Thor’s Helmet
      • NGC 281 – Pacman Nebula
      • NGC 6888 – Crescent Nebula
      • NGC 7000 – North America Nebula
      • NGC 7635 – Bubble Nebula
      • NGC 7822
      • NGC 896
      • Sadr and the Gamma Cygni Nebula (IC 1318)
      • Sh 2-155 – Cave Nebula
    • Planetary Nebulas
      • Sh 2-290 (ACO 31)
      • Abell 21 – Medusa Nebula
      • Jones-Emberson 1 Nebula
      • M27 – Dumbbell Nebula
      • M57 – Ring Nebula
      • M76 – Little Dumbbell Nebula
      • M97 – Owl Nebula
      • NGC 1501
      • NGC 40 – Bow Tie Nebula
      • NGC 6543 – Cat’s Eye Nebula
      • NGC 6826 – Blinking Planetary
      • NGC 7662 – Snowball Nebula
    • Reflection Nebulas
      • NGC 1977 – Running Man Nebula
      • IC 2118 – Witch Head Nebula
      • M78
      • NGC 7023 – Iris Nebula
    • Supernova Remnants
      • IC 443 – Jellyfish Nebula
      • M1 – Crab Nebula
      • NGC 6960 – Veil Nebula
  • Solar System
    • Comets
      • Comet Tsuchinshan-ATLAS (C2023 A3)
    • The Moon
    • Jupiter
    • Mars
    • Saturn
  • The Gear
    • APO107 Configuration Example
    • APO94 Configuration Example
    • AstroTrac TT320X and Nikon D800 DSLR Configuration Example
    • MN190 Configuration Example
    • RC8″ Configuration Example
    • Skywatcher EQ6-R Pro Equatorial Mount
Rolf's Astrophotography

NGC 40 – Bow Tie Nebula

NGC 40 (also known as the Bow-Tie Nebula and Caldwell 2) is a planetary nebula composed of hot gas around a dying star. The star has ejected its outer layer which has left behind a small, hot star. Radiation from the star causes the shed outer layer to heat to about 10,000 degrees Celsius and become visible as a planetary nebula. The nebula is about one light-year across at a distance of 2 700 light-years. About 30 000 years from now, scientists theorize that NGC 40 will fade away, leaving only a white dwarf star approximately the size of Earth.

Morphologically, the shape of NGC 40 resembles a barrel with the long axis pointing towards the north-northeast. There are two additional pairs of lobes around the poles, which correspond to additional ejections from the star.

The central star of NGC 40 (HD 826) has a spectral type of [WC8], indicating a spectrum similar to that of a carbon-rich Wolf–Rayet star. The central star has a bolometric luminosity of about 7 000 L☉ and radius of 0.56 R☉. The star appears to have an effective temperature of about 71 000 K, but the temperature of the source ionizing the nebula is only about 45 000 K. One proposed explanation to this contradiction is that the star was previously cooler, but has experienced a late thermal pulse which re-ignited fusion and caused its temperature to increase.

NGC 40, Bow Tie Nebula
NGC 40, Bow Tie Nebula
NGC 40 (also known as the Bow-Tie Nebula and Caldwell 2) is a planetary nebula composed of hot gas around a dying star. The star has ejected its outer layer which has left behind a small, hot star. Radiation from the star causes the shed outer layer to heat to about 10,000 degrees Celsius and become visible as a planetary nebula. The nebula is about one light-year across at a distance of 2 700 light-years. About 30 000 years from now, scientists theorize that NGC 40 will fade away, leaving only a white dwarf star approximately the size of Earth. Morphologically, the shape of NGC 40 resembles a barrel with the long axis pointing towards the north-northeast. There are two additional pairs of lobes around the poles, which correspond to additional ejections from the star. The central star of NGC 40 (HD 826) has a spectral type of [WC8], indicating a spectrum similar to that of a carbon-rich Wolf–Rayet star. The central star has a bolometric luminosity of about 7 000 L☉ and radius of 0.56 R☉. The star appears to have an effective temperature of about 71 000 K, but the temperature of the source ionizing the nebula is only about 45 000 K. One proposed explanation to this contradiction is that the star was previously cooler, but has experienced a late thermal pulse which re-ignited fusion and caused its temperature to increase. Photographed with the RC8″ reflector telescope and the ASI 2600MC CMOS color camera in Stuvsta, September 15th, 2024. Exposure was 39 * 2 min with IDAS LPS P3 light pollution filter. Postprocesssing in Pixinsight with Blur XTerminator.
NGC 40, Bow Tie Nebula
NGC 40, Bow Tie Nebula
NGC 40 (also known as the Bow-Tie Nebula and Caldwell 2) is a planetary nebula composed of hot gas around a dying star. The star has ejected its outer layer which has left behind a small, hot star. Radiation from the star causes the shed outer layer to heat to about 10,000 degrees Celsius and become visible as a planetary nebula. The nebula is about one light-year across at a distance of 2 700 light-years. About 30 000 years from now, scientists theorize that NGC 40 will fade away, leaving only a white dwarf star approximately the size of Earth. Morphologically, the shape of NGC 40 resembles a barrel with the long axis pointing towards the north-northeast. There are two additional pairs of lobes around the poles, which correspond to additional ejections from the star. The central star of NGC 40 (HD 826) has a spectral type of [WC8], indicating a spectrum similar to that of a carbon-rich Wolf–Rayet star. The central star has a bolometric luminosity of about 7 000 L☉ and radius of 0.56 R☉. The star appears to have an effective temperature of about 71 000 K, but the temperature of the source ionizing the nebula is only about 45 000 K. One proposed explanation to this contradiction is that the star was previously cooler, but has experienced a late thermal pulse which re-ignited fusion and caused its temperature to increase. Photographed with the RC8″ reflector telescope and the ASI 2600MC CMOS color camera in Stuvsta, September 15th, 2024. Exposure was 39 * 2 min with IDAS LPS P3 light pollution filter. Postprocesssing in Pixinsight with Blur XTerminator.
NGC 40, Bow Tie Nebula
NGC 40, Bow Tie Nebula
NGC 40 (also known as the Bow-Tie Nebula and Caldwell 2) is a planetary nebula composed of hot gas around a dying star. The star has ejected its outer layer which has left behind a small, hot star. Radiation from the star causes the shed outer layer to heat to about 10,000 degrees Celsius and become visible as a planetary nebula. The nebula is about one light-year across at a distance of 2 700 light-years. About 30 000 years from now, scientists theorize that NGC 40 will fade away, leaving only a white dwarf star approximately the size of Earth. Morphologically, the shape of NGC 40 resembles a barrel with the long axis pointing towards the north-northeast. There are two additional pairs of lobes around the poles, which correspond to additional ejections from the star. The central star of NGC 40 (HD 826) has a spectral type of [WC8], indicating a spectrum similar to that of a carbon-rich Wolf–Rayet star. The central star has a bolometric luminosity of about 7 000 L☉ and radius of 0.56 R☉. The star appears to have an effective temperature of about 71 000 K, but the temperature of the source ionizing the nebula is only about 45 000 K. One proposed explanation to this contradiction is that the star was previously cooler, but has experienced a late thermal pulse which re-ignited fusion and caused its temperature to increase. Photographed with the RC8″ reflector telescope and the ASI 2600MC CMOS color camera in Stuvsta, September 15th, 2024. Exposure was 39 * 2 min with IDAS LPS P3 light pollution filter. Postprocesssing in Pixinsight with Blur XTerminator.
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